A tar.gz file in Linux is a compressed archive file that is composed of several files and folders that have been packaged together. It is used to store and transfer several files at once, making it a very accessible type of compression format.
For example, if you are running a program that needs to access multiple files for operation, rather than manually downloading each file one by one, you can use the tar.gz file format to quickly transfer all of the required files in one package. This makes it easy to download and install programs, as well as transfer large numbers of files quickly.
The name "tar" implemented in this format comes from the "Tape ARchive" program; this tool was created back in the 1970s and allowed users to access multiple data resources simultaneously on tapes. With tar being integrated into the Linuxarchiving process in later years, tar remains an important tool used within modern Linux systems.
The "Gzip" part refers to its inclusion of the GNU Zip compression; this allows it to be smaller than other archive formats such as zip or rar by cleverly zipping up sections that are similar and removing duplicate entries like empty space or extra duplicated headers. This can reduce the file size significantly while still having no effect on what information it contains.
It's easy to create and open tar files, even on Windows computers using an app such as 7-Zip; for Mac OSX there are integrated functions for compressing tar files when accessed through something like Terminal — opening tarfiles can often be done simply by double-clicking them too! In comparison, extracting data from a compressed .rar file will require dedicated software such as WinRAR or UnrarX instead.
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